The files being shared are on the cluster storage, and either clustered server can act as the file server that shares them. The following list describes shared folder configuration functionality that is integrated into failover clustering:. Display is scoped to clustered shared folders only no mixing with non-clustered shared folders : When a user views shared folders by specifying the path of a clustered file server, the display will include only the shared folders that are part of the specific file server role.
It will exclude non-clustered shared folders and shares part of separate file server roles that happen to be on a node of the cluster. Access-based enumeration: You can use access-based enumeration to hide a specified folder from users' view.
Instead of allowing users to see the folder but not access anything on it, you can choose to prevent them from seeing the folder at all. You can configure access-based enumeration for a clustered shared folder in the same way as for a non-clustered shared folder. Offline access: You can configure offline access caching for a clustered shared folder in the same way as for a nonclustered shared folder. Clustered disks are always recognized as part of the cluster: Whether you use the failover cluster interface, Windows Explorer, or the Share and Storage Management snap-in, Windows recognizes whether a disk has been designated as being in the cluster storage.
If such a disk has already been configured in Failover Cluster Management as part of a clustered file server, you can then use any of the previously mentioned interfaces to create a share on the disk. If such a disk has not been configured as part of a clustered file server, you cannot mistakenly create a share on it.
Instead, an error indicates that the disk must first be configured as part of a clustered file server before it can be shared. By installing the role service and configuring shared folders with Services for NFS, you can create a clustered file server that supports UNIX-based clients.
For a failover cluster in Windows Server or Windows Server to be considered an officially supported solution by Microsoft, the solution must meet the following criteria.
All hardware and software components must meet the qualifications for the appropriate logo. For more information about what hardware and software systems have been certified, please visit the Microsoft Windows Server Catalog site. The fully configured solution servers, network, and storage must pass all tests in the validation wizard, which is part of the failover cluster snap-in. Servers: We recommend using matching computers with the same or similar components.
The servers for a two-node failover cluster must run the same version of Windows Server. They should also have the same software updates patches. Network Adapters and cable: The network hardware, like other components in the failover cluster solution, must be compatible with Windows Server or Windows Server In the network infrastructure that connects your cluster nodes, avoid having single points of failure.
There are multiple ways of accomplishing this. You can connect your cluster nodes by multiple, distinct networks. Alternatively, you can connect your cluster nodes with one network that is constructed with teamed network adapters, redundant switches, redundant routers, or similar hardware that removes single points of failure. If the cluster nodes are connected with a single network, the network will pass the redundancy requirement in the Validate a Configuration wizard.
However, the report will include a warning that the network should not have a single point of failure. Storage: You must use shared storage that is certified for Windows Server or Windows Server For a two-node failover cluster, the storage should contain at least two separate volumes LUNs if using a witness disk for quorum. The witness disk is a disk in the cluster storage that is designated to hold a copy of the cluster configuration database. For this two-node cluster example, the quorum configuration will be Node and Disk Majority.
Node and Disk Majority means that the nodes and the witness disk each contain copies of the cluster configuration, and the cluster has quorum as long as a majority two out of three of these copies are available. The other volume LUN will contain the files that are being shared to users. When deploying a storage area network SAN with a failover cluster, the following guidelines should be observed. Confirm certification of the storage: Using the Windows Server Catalog site, confirm the vendor's storage, including drivers, firmware and software, is certified for Windows Server or Windows Server Isolate storage devices, one cluster per device: Servers from different clusters must not be able to access the same storage devices.
In most cases, a LUN that is used for one set of cluster servers should be isolated from all other servers through LUN masking or zoning.
This provides the highest level of redundancy and availability. You will need the following network infrastructure for a two-node failover cluster and an administrative account with the following domain permissions:.
Network settings and IP addresses: When you use identical network adapters for a network, also use identical communication settings on those adapters for example, Speed, Duplex Mode, Flow Control, and Media Type. Also, compare the settings between the network adapter and the switch it connects to and make sure that no settings are in conflict. If you have private networks that are not routed to the rest of your network infrastructure, ensure that each of these private networks uses a unique subnet.
This is necessary even if you give each network adapter a unique IP address. For example, if you have a cluster node in a central office that uses one physical network, and another node in a branch office that uses a separate physical network, do not specify For more information about the network adapters, see Hardware requirements for a two-node failover cluster, earlier in this guide.
The DNS dynamic update protocol can be used. Domain role: All servers in the cluster must be in the same Active Directory domain. As a best practice, all clustered servers should have the same domain role either member server or domain controller. All the information that is needed to interpret the partitioning scheme of a GUID Partition Table disk is completely contained in structures in specified locations on the physical media. Logical blocks are commonly bytes or one sector in size.
In theory, an unlimited number. As the July , the Microsoft implementation is partitions. The number of partitions is limited by the amount of space that is reserved for making partition entries. This is the same regardless of the number of partitions that are defined in the GUID Partition Table disk entry array. These tools will view a GUID Partition Table disk as having a single encompassing possibly unrecognized partition by interpreting the Protected MBR, rather than mistaking the disk for one that is unpartitioned.
The bit version will see only the Protective MBR. The EE partition will not be mounted or otherwise exposed to program software. The entire media is treated as a single partition. The media manufacturer performs any MBR partitioning of removable media; Windows never partitions removable media. If the media does have an MBR, only one partition is supported.
There is little user-discernible difference between MBR-partitioned media and superfloppies. How can a drive letter in the operating system be mapped to a partition in Extensible Firmware Interface Firmware?
There is no inherent mapping between drive letter and partition that can be used to determine one from the other. A basic data partition must be identified by its partition GUID. You should not change any partition header entry directly. Do not use disk tools or utilities to make alterations or changes. Detachable disks are commonly expected to migrate between computers or simply to be unavailable to the operating system at times. In other words, the size of the Extensible Firmware Interface System Partition must be the larger of these two numbers, MB or 1 percent of the physical disk size up to 1 GB.
The physical disk size is measured at the time of disk partitioning. The value 1 percent of the physical disk is calculated at the time that the Extensible Firmware Interface System Partition is created and does not change if the disk is extended later for example, by using RAID.
Extensible Firmware Interface System Partitions can be replicated for high-availability configurations. Replication must be done manually and the contents must be synchronized manually. Extensible Firmware Interface System Partitions cannot be mirrored. Microsoft places the loader, and other files that are necessary to boot the operating system in the Extensible Firmware Interface System Partition. While there is no architectural requirement, there are numerous reasons why it is beneficial to place the Extensible Firmware Interface System Partition first.
The primary reason for this is that it is impossible to span volumes when the Extensible Firmware Interface System Partition is logically between the two data partitions you are attempting to span. What should a computer or device manufacturer place in the Extensible Firmware Interface System Partition? The Extensible Firmware Interface System Partition should only include files that are required for booting an operating system, platform tools that run before operating system boot, or files that must be accessed before operating system boot, for example in performing pre-boot system maintenance.
Other value-added files or diagnostics that are used while the operating system is running should not be placed in the Extensible Firmware Interface System Partition. It is important to note that the space in the Extensible Firmware Interface System Partition is a limited system resource; its primary purpose is to provide storage for the files that are necessary to boot the operating system. The preferred option is for computer manufacturers to place value-added contents in an OEM-specific partition.
Users are warned that deleting the partition can cause the computer to fail to operate. Although not architectural, this placement has the same benefits as placing the Extensible Firmware Interface System Partition first. For example, it is also impossible to span volumes when an OEM-specific partition is logically between the two data partitions you are attempting to span.
Placement in the Extensible Firmware Interface System Partition is an option for programs or files that run in the pre-operating system boot environment.
However, the Extensible Firmware Interface System Partition is architecturally-shared space and represents a limited resource. Consuming space in the Extensible Firmware Interface System Partition should be considered carefully. Files that are not relevant to the pre-operating system boot environment should not be placed in the Extensible Firmware Interface System Partition.
The Microsoft Reserved Partition reserves space on each disk drive for subsequent use by operating system software. Software components that formerly used hidden sectors now allocate portions of the Microsoft Reserved Partition for component-specific partitions.
For example, converting a basic disk to a dynamic disk causes the Microsoft Reserved Partition on that disk to be reduced in size and a newly created partition holds the dynamic disk database. It is particularly important that the Microsoft Reserved Partition be created before other primary data partitions. The Microsoft Reserved Partition must be created when disk-partitioning information is first written to the drive.
If the manufacturer partitions the disk, the manufacturer must create the Microsoft Reserved Partition at the same time. After the disk is partitioned, there will be no free space left to create a Microsoft Reserved Partition.
When initially created, the size of the Microsoft Reserved Partition depends on the size of the disk drive:. These tools will view a GPT disk as having a single encompassing possibly unrecognized partition by interpreting the Protected MBR, rather than mistaking the disk for one that is unpartitioned. For more information, see the following sections:. The bit version will see only the Protective MBR. The EE partition will not be mounted or otherwise exposed to application software.
Booting is only supported for bit editions on Itanium-based systems. Yes, all versions can use GPT partitioned disks for data. Booting is only supported for bit editions on UEFI-based systems. You can move, or migrate, data-only GPT disks to other systems that are running Windows XP bit edition only or later versions of the operating system or bit editions.
You can migrate data-only GPT disks after the system has been shutdown or after the safe removal of the disk. However, you must be aware of the following restrictions:. The entire media is treated as a single partition.
The media manufacturer performs any MBR partitioning of removable media. If the media has an MBR, only one partition is supported. There is little user-discernible difference between MBR-partitioned media and superfloppies. GPT disks can be converted to MBR disks only if all existing partitioning is first deleted, with associated loss of data. There is no inherent mapping between drive letter and partition that can be used to determine one from the other.
A basic data partition must be identified by its partition GUID. You shouldn't directly change any partition header entry. Don't use disk tools or utilities to make alterations or changes. Detachable disks are typically expected to migrate between computers or simply to be unavailable to the operating system at times. Examples of detachable disks are USB disks, which can be easily disconnected by the end-user.
Later versions of Windows support GPT partitions on detachable disks. ESP partitions can be replicated for high-availability configurations. Replication must be done manually and the contents must be synchronized manually when using software volumes. Hardware vendors may provide additional solutions for high availability.
ESP partitions cannot be mirrored. The ESP should be first on the disk. The primary benefit to placing the ESP first, is that it is impossible to span volumes when the ESP is logically between the two data partitions that you are attempting to span.
The ESP should only include files that are required for booting an operating system, platform tools that run before operating system boot, or files that must be accessed before operating system boot. For example, files that are required for performing pre-boot system maintenance must be placed in the ESP.
Other value-add files or diagnostics used while the operating system is running should not be placed in the ESP. It is important to note that the space in the ESP is a limited system resource; its primary purpose is to provide storage for the files that are needed to boot the operating system.
The preferred option is for system manufacturers to place value-add contents in an OEM-specific partition. Users are warned that deleting the partition can cause the system to fail to operate. Although not architectural, this placement has the same benefits as placing the ESP first. For example, it is also impossible to span volumes when an OEM-specific partition is logically between the two data partitions that you are attempting to span.
Placement in the ESP is an option for applications or files that execute in the pre-operating system boot environment. However, the ESP is architecturally shared space and represents a limited resource. Consuming space in the ESP should be considered carefully. Files that are not relevant to the pre-operating system boot environment should not be placed in the ESP. The Microsoft Reserved Partition MSR reserves space on each disk drive for subsequent use by operating system software.
GPT disks do not allow hidden sectors. Software components that formerly used hidden sectors now allocate portions of the MSR for component-specific partitions. For example, converting a basic disk to a dynamic disk causes the MSR on that disk to be reduced in size and a newly created partition holds the dynamic disk database.
It is particularly important that the MSR be created before other primary data partitions. The MSR must be created when disk-partitioning information is first written to the drive. If the manufacturer partitions the disk, the manufacturer must create the MSR at the same time. Only one ESP should exist on a system even if multiple operating systems are installed on that system. In a mirrored boot configuration there may actually be two drives with an ESP but they are considered to be a redundant copy of the same ESP.
Each data drive must contain at least an MSR and one basic data partition. All basic data partitions on the drive should be contiguous.
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